US Tax Estimator

Estimates a year's U.S. federal income tax plus self-employment tax, the refund or balance due after withholding and estimated payments, marginal and effective rates, a bracket-by-bracket breakdown and, when prior-year figures are given, the safe-harbor quarterly estimated payment. Also answers 'how much more can I earn, withdraw from a 401(k) or convert to a Roth IRA before the next bracket': the room left in the current bracket, the room before qualified dividends / long-term gains lose the 0% rate, and the tax on a planned extra amount. Uses the standard deduction (with the age-65+ addition) unless larger itemized deductions are given; the 2025–2028 $6,000 senior deduction with phase-out; qualified dividends and long-term gains at 0%/15%/20%; child tax credit with phase-out; Social Security wage base and Additional Medicare tax. Federal only: no state tax, AMT, NIIT, QBI deduction, IRMAA or other credits.

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "estimated_payments_made": {
      "default": 0,
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Federal estimated tax payments already made for this year, USD."
    },
    "federal_withholding": {
      "default": 0,
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Federal income tax withheld for the year (W-2 box 2, 1099 withholding), USD."
    },
    "filing_status": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "single",
        "married_filing_jointly",
        "married_filing_separately",
        "head_of_household"
      ],
      "description": "Federal filing status."
    },
    "itemized_deductions": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Total itemized deductions (Schedule A), USD. Used only when larger than the standard deduction."
    },
    "planned_extra_income": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "What-if: extra ordinary income being considered for the year (401(k) or IRA withdrawal, Roth conversion, bonus), USD, NOT included in total_income. Returns the tax it adds and the marginal rate after."
    },
    "prior_year_agi": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Last year's adjusted gross income, USD (decides 100% vs 110% safe harbor)."
    },
    "prior_year_total_tax": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Last year's total federal tax, USD. Give it to get the quarterly safe-harbor payment."
    },
    "qualified_dividends_and_long_term_gains": {
      "default": 0,
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Qualified dividends (1099-DIV box 1b) plus net long-term capital gains, USD. Part of total_income; taxed at 0%/15%/20% stacked on top of ordinary income."
    },
    "qualifying_children": {
      "default": 0,
      "description": "Children under 17 who qualify for the child tax credit.",
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 20
    },
    "self_employment_profit": {
      "default": 0,
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Net self-employment profit (Schedule C), USD. Already included in total_income; used for self-employment tax."
    },
    "tax_year": {
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 2000,
      "maximum": 2100,
      "description": "Tax year: 2025 or 2026."
    },
    "taxpayers_age_65_or_older": {
      "default": 0,
      "description": "Taxpayers on the return who are 65 or older by year end (0, 1 or 2): adds the age-65+ standard deduction and the $6,000 senior deduction (2025–2028).",
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 2
    },
    "total_income": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Total income for the year before deductions, USD: wages, interest, dividends, other income and self-employment profit together."
    },
    "w2_wages": {
      "default": 0,
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "W-2 wages (Social Security / Medicare wages), USD; reduces the self-employment Social Security tax room. 0 if none."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "filing_status",
    "tax_year",
    "total_income"
  ],
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
}

Lists upcoming U.S. federal tax deadlines with days remaining: quarterly estimated payments (1040-ES), individual return and extension dates, and optionally S-corporation, partnership and C-corporation return and estimated-tax dates. Dates are already moved off weekends and holidays.

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "from_date": {
      "description": "List deadlines on or after this date (YYYY-MM-DD). Default: today (U.S. Central).",
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}$"
    },
    "include_business": {
      "default": false,
      "description": "Also list business return and C-corporation estimated tax dates.",
      "type": "boolean"
    },
    "limit": {
      "default": 8,
      "description": "Maximum number of deadlines to return.",
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 1,
      "maximum": 30
    }
  },
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
}

Checks a U.S. person's foreign-asset figures against the filing thresholds for FBAR (FinCEN Form 114), Form 8938 (FATCA) and Form 3520 (gifts or bequests from a foreign individual or estate). Only the forms whose figures are given are checked. Thresholds only: it does not decide which accounts or assets count; the descriptions of each input say what to include.

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "filing_status": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "single",
        "married_filing_jointly",
        "married_filing_separately",
        "head_of_household"
      ],
      "description": "Federal filing status."
    },
    "foreign_accounts_max_aggregate": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "FBAR: the highest combined value of all foreign financial accounts at any time in the year, USD."
    },
    "foreign_gifts_received": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Form 3520: total gifts and bequests received in the year from nonresident alien individuals or foreign estates, USD."
    },
    "lives_abroad": {
      "default": false,
      "description": "Form 8938: true if the taxpayer meets the bona fide residence or physical presence test abroad (higher thresholds).",
      "type": "boolean"
    },
    "specified_foreign_assets_max": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Form 8938: the highest value of specified foreign financial assets at any time in the year, USD."
    },
    "specified_foreign_assets_year_end": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 10000000000,
      "description": "Form 8938: value of specified foreign financial assets on the last day of the year, USD."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "filing_status"
  ],
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
}

Preliminary screen of whether a non-U.S. savings-type life insurance policy (for example a Hong Kong whole-life or savings plan) meets the U.S. definition of life insurance under IRC §7702, using the cash value accumulation test (CVAT) and the cash value corridor, from the policy's cash value table. A policy that fails is taxed each year on its inside growth (§7702(g)). Values in any one currency (ratios do not depend on currency). Does not check the guideline premium limit.

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "increasing_benefit_rule": {
      "description": "For policies whose death benefit grows by a fixed rate: lets years without a death_benefit be computed.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "annual_premium": {
          "type": "number",
          "exclusiveMinimum": 0,
          "description": "Annual premium."
        },
        "basic_sum_insured": {
          "type": "number",
          "exclusiveMinimum": 0,
          "description": "Basic sum insured at issue."
        },
        "growth_rate": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0,
          "maximum": 0.1,
          "description": "Yearly growth of the sum insured as a decimal (0.035 = 3.5%)."
        },
        "pay_years": {
          "type": "integer",
          "minimum": 1,
          "maximum": 40,
          "description": "Number of premium-paying years."
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "annual_premium",
        "basic_sum_insured",
        "growth_rate",
        "pay_years"
      ]
    },
    "issue_age": {
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 90,
      "description": "Insured's age at issue, completed years."
    },
    "issue_year": {
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 1985,
      "maximum": 2100,
      "description": "Calendar year the policy was issued."
    },
    "policy_years": {
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 80,
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "cash_value": {
            "type": "number",
            "exclusiveMinimum": 0,
            "description": "Cash (surrender) value at the end of that policy year."
          },
          "death_benefit": {
            "description": "Death benefit at the end of that policy year (omit only when increasing_benefit_rule is given).",
            "type": "number",
            "exclusiveMinimum": 0
          },
          "policy_year": {
            "type": "integer",
            "minimum": 1,
            "maximum": 100
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "cash_value",
          "policy_year"
        ]
      },
      "description": "Rows from the policy's illustration / cash value table; a few years such as 1, 5, 10, 20 are enough."
    },
    "sex": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "M",
        "F"
      ],
      "description": "Insured's sex (mortality table)."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "issue_age",
    "issue_year",
    "policy_years",
    "sex"
  ],
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
}

For a U.S. taxpayer who missed FBAR or Form 8938 filings or left foreign income unreported, estimates and compares the cost of three catch-up paths: A) delinquent information return procedures (only when no income went unreported), B) amended returns with tax and interest plus a reasonable-cause statement (with the statutory penalty exposure if reasonable cause is rejected), and C) the Streamlined Domestic Offshore Procedures (tax, interest and the 5% penalty). Also adds the 1% Form 720 excise tax on premiums paid to foreign insurers. Tax years 2019–2025. Assumes non-willful conduct; it does not decide eligibility.

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "filing_status": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "single",
        "married_filing_jointly"
      ],
      "description": "Filing status used on the original returns."
    },
    "years": {
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 8,
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "agi": {
            "type": "number",
            "minimum": 0,
            "maximum": 10000000000,
            "description": "Adjusted gross income as originally filed, USD (for the 3.8% net investment income tax)."
          },
          "fbar_filed_complete": {
            "default": false,
            "description": "FBAR for that year was filed on time and listed every account and policy.",
            "type": "boolean"
          },
          "foreign_insurance_premiums": {
            "default": 0,
            "type": "number",
            "minimum": 0,
            "maximum": 10000000000,
            "description": "Premiums paid that year to foreign life insurers or annuity issuers, USD (1% excise tax)."
          },
          "form_8938_filed_complete": {
            "default": false,
            "description": "Form 8938 for that year was filed and complete.",
            "type": "boolean"
          },
          "taxable_income": {
            "type": "number",
            "minimum": 0,
            "maximum": 10000000000,
            "description": "Taxable income as originally filed, USD."
          },
          "unreported_income": {
            "default": 0,
            "type": "number",
            "minimum": 0,
            "maximum": 10000000000,
            "description": "Income that should have been reported but was not, USD (e.g. foreign interest, dividends, §7702(g) policy growth)."
          },
          "year": {
            "type": "integer",
            "minimum": 2000,
            "maximum": 2100,
            "description": "Tax year (2019–2025)."
          },
          "year_end_unreported_foreign_assets": {
            "default": 0,
            "type": "number",
            "minimum": 0,
            "maximum": 10000000000,
            "description": "Year-end value of foreign assets that were not properly reported, USD (the base for the Streamlined 5% penalty)."
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "agi",
          "taxable_income",
          "year"
        ]
      },
      "description": "One entry per affected tax year."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "filing_status",
    "years"
  ],
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
}

For U.S.-listed stocks, ETFs, mutual funds or crypto held at someone's death (directly, in an estate or in a revocable living trust), estimates the value on the date of death from public market prices, the IRC §1014 step-up in cost basis and the capital-gains tax the heirs avoid (15%–23.8%), plus the dates that matter: the §2032 alternate valuation date, the Form 706 due date and the last day for a portability election (Rev. Proc. 2022-32). Valuation follows Treas. Reg. §20.2031-2(b) (mean of high and low, weekend and no-trade days weighted) and §20.2031-8(b) for funds. Up to 25 holdings. An estimate for planning, not a signed valuation a broker or the IRS will accept; the reply says where to get one.

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "date_of_death": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}$",
      "description": "Date of death, YYYY-MM-DD (must be before today)."
    },
    "holdings": {
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 25,
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "asset_type": {
            "description": "Optional; detected from the symbol. Give crypto for BTC, ETH and other coins.",
            "type": "string",
            "enum": [
              "stock",
              "etf",
              "fund",
              "crypto"
            ]
          },
          "original_cost": {
            "type": "number",
            "minimum": 0,
            "maximum": 10000000000,
            "description": "Total original cost basis of this holding, USD. Optional; needed to compute the step-up."
          },
          "shares": {
            "type": "number",
            "exclusiveMinimum": 0,
            "maximum": 10000000000,
            "description": "Shares or units held at death."
          },
          "symbol": {
            "type": "string",
            "minLength": 1,
            "maxLength": 15,
            "description": "Ticker as listed in the U.S., e.g. AAPL, BRK.B, VFIAX, BTC."
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "shares",
          "symbol"
        ]
      },
      "description": "Holdings at the date of death."
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "date_of_death",
    "holdings"
  ],
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
}